Skier’s Thumb vs a Simple Sprain

Why Early Diagnosis Can Prevent Long Term Instability

Falls on the mountain often result in hand injuries, especially when a ski pole is involved. Many skiers assume they are dealing with a mild sprained finger or jammed finger, but certain thumb injuries require much more careful evaluation. One of the most commonly missed diagnoses during ski season is skier's thumb, an injury that can lead to chronic instability if not treated early.

At Vail-Summit Orthopaedics & Neurosurgery, our hand and upper extremity specialists regularly see skiers who delayed care because the injury initially felt minor. Early diagnosis can make a significant difference in long term strength, grip, and joint stability.

At a Glance

• Not all thumb injuries on the mountain are a simple sprained finger or jammed finger.

• Skier's thumb often requires imaging and specialist evaluation.

• Early diagnosis can prevent long term joint looseness and weakness.

• Delayed treatment increases the risk of chronic instability.

What Is Skier’s Thumb

Skier's thumb is an injury to the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb, which stabilizes the joint at the base of the thumb. This ligament is essential for pinch strength and grip control.

The injury typically occurs when a skier falls while holding a pole and the thumb is forced outward. While pain and swelling may feel similar to a sprained finger, the underlying damage can be much more serious.

As explained by Dr. Erik Dorf, and upper extremity specialist at VSON, “Skier’s thumb is often underestimated early on. Without proper stabilization, the ligament may not heal correctly, leading to long term instability.”

How Skier’s Thumb Differs From a Simple Sprain

A sprained finger usually involves stretched or mildly torn soft tissue that improves with rest, ice, and time. A jammed finger often results from compression at the joint and typically heals without surgical intervention.

Skier's thumb, however, involves a stabilizing ligament that may fully tear. When that happens, the thumb can feel weak, unstable, or unreliable during gripping activities.

Key differences include:

• Persistent pain at the base of the thumb

• Difficulty pinching or gripping objects

• Swelling that does not resolve

• A feeling that the thumb is loose or unstable

According to Dr. Terrell Joseph, an upper extremity surgeon at VSON, “If a thumb injury continues to feel unstable after a fall, it should be evaluated promptly. Treating it like a simple sprain can delay proper healing.”

Why Early Diagnosis Matters for Thumb Injury

Early diagnosis of skier's thumb allows the ligament to heal in the correct position. In mild cases, immobilization with a brace or cast may be sufficient. More severe tears may require surgical repair to restore stability.

When care is delayed, patients may develop:

• Chronic thumb instability

• Weak grip strength

• Pain during everyday tasks

• Difficulty returning to sports

A jammed finger or sprained finger that does not improve within a short period should always be reassessed to rule out ligament injury.

How These Injuries Are Treated at VSON

At Vail-Summit Orthopaedics & Neurosurgery, evaluation begins with a detailed exam and imaging when needed. Treatment plans are individualized based on severity and activity level.

Treatment options may include:

• Immobilization with a thumb brace or cast

• Targeted hand therapy

• Surgical ligament repair for complete tears

• Gradual return to sport specific activity

Both Dr. Erik Dorf and Dr. Terrell Joseph regularly treat skiers with thumb injuries and focus on restoring strength, stability, and confidence for life on the mountain.

When to See a Hand Specialist

You should seek evaluation if a thumb injury includes:

• Pain that does not improve after several days

• Weakness when pinching or gripping

• Swelling at the base of the thumb

• A feeling of looseness or instability

The Bottom Line

Thumb injuries during ski season are common, but not all are created equal. Skier's thumb is frequently mistaken for a mild sprain, leading to delayed care and long term instability. With early diagnosis and expert treatment at Vail-Summit Orthopaedics & Neurosurgery, skiers can protect their hand function and return to the activities they love with confidence. Contact our team today!